Challenges in QCD matter physics - The Compressed Baryonic Matter experiment at FAIR
29 Mar 2017 · CBM Collaboration, Ablyazimov T., Abuhoza A., Adak R. P., Adamczyk M., Agarwal K., Aggarwal M. M., Ahammed Z., Ahmad F., Ahmad N., Ahmad S., Akindinov A., Akishin P., Akishina E., Akishina T., Akishina V., Akram A., Al-Turany M., Alekseev I., Alexandrov E., Alexandrov I., Amar-Youcef S., Anđelić M., Andreeva O., Andrei C., Andronic A., Anisimov Yu., Appelshäuser H., Argintaru D., Atkin E., Avdeev S., Averbeck R., Azmi M. D., Baban V., Bach M., Badura E., Bähr S., Balog T., Balzer M., Bao E., Baranova N., Barczyk T., Bartoş D., Bashir S., Baszczyk M., Batenkov O., Baublis V., Baznat M., Becker J., Becker K. -H., Belogurov S., Belyakov D., Bendarouach J., Berceanu I., Bercuci A., Berdnikov A., Berdnikov Y., Berendes R., Berezin G., Bergmann C., Bertini D., Bertini O., Beşliu C., Bezshyyko O., Bhaduri P. P., Bhasin A., Bhati A. K., Bhattacharjee B., Bhattacharyya A., Bhattacharyya T. K., Biswas S., Blank T., Blau D., Blinov V., Blume C., Bocharov Yu., Book J., Breitner T., Brüning U., Brzychczyk J., Bubak A., Büsching H., Bus T., Butuzov V., Bychkov A., Byszuk A., Cai Xu, Cálin M., Cao Ping, Caragheorgheopol G., Carević I., Cătănescu V., Chakrabarti A., Chattopadhyay S., Chaus A., Chen Hongfang, Chen LuYao, Cheng Jianping, Chepurnov V., Cherif H., Chernogorov A., Ciobanu M. I., Claus G., Constantin F., Csanád M., D'Ascenzo N., Das Supriya, Das Susovan, de Cuveland J., Debnath B., Dementiev D., Deng Wendi, Deng Zhi, Deppe H., Deppner I., Derenovskaya O., Deveaux C. A., Deveaux M., Dey K., Dey M., Dillenseger P., Dobyrn V., Doering D., Dong Sheng, Dorokhov A., Dreschmann M., Drozd A., Dubey A. K., Dubnichka S., Dubnichkova Z., Dürr M., Dutka L., Dželalija M., Elsha V. V., Emschermann D., Engel H., Eremin V., Eşanu T., Eschke J., Eschweiler D., Fan Huanhuan, Fan Xingming, Farooq M., Fateev O., Feng Shengqin, Figuli S. P. D., Filozova I., Finogeev D., Fischer P., Flemming H., Förtsch J., Frankenfeld U., Friese V., Friske E., Fröhlich I., Frühauf J., Gajda J., Galatyuk T., Gangopadhyay G., Chávez C. García, Gebelein J., Ghosh P., Ghosh S. K., Gläßel S., Goffe M., Golinka-Bezshyyko L., Golovatyuk V., Golovnya S., Golovtsov V., Golubeva M., Golubkov D., Ramírez A. Gómez, Gorbunov S., Gorokhov S., Gottschalk D., Gryboś P., Grzeszczuk A., Guber F., Gudima K., Gumiński M., Gupta A., Gusakov Yu., Han Dong, Hartmann H., He Shue, Hehner J., Heine N., Herghelegiu A., Herrmann N., Heß B., Heuser J. M., Himmi A., Höhne C., Holzmann R., Hu Dongdong, Huang Guangming, Huang Xinjie, Hutter D., Ierusalimov A., Ilgenfritz E. -M., Irfan M., Ivanischev D., Ivanov M., Ivanov P., Ivanov Valery, Ivanov Victor, Ivanov Vladimir, Ivashkin A., Jaaskelainen K., Jahan H., Jain V., Jakovlev V., Janson T., Jiang Di, Jipa A., Kadenko I., Kähler P., Kämpfer B., Kalinin V., Kallunkathariyil J., Kampert K. -H., Kaptur E., Karabowicz R., Karavichev O., Karavicheva T., Karmanov D., Karnaukhov V., Karpechev E., Kasiński K., Kasprowicz G., Kaur M., Kazantsev A., Kebschull U., Kekelidze G., Khan M. M., Khan S. A., Khanzadeev A., Khasanov F., Khvorostukhin A., Kirakosyan V., Kirejczyk M., Kiryakov A., Kiš M., Kisel I., Kisel P., Kiselev S., Kiss T., Klaus P., Kłeczek R., Klein-Bösing Ch., Kleipa V., Klochkov V., Kmon P., Koch K., Kochenda L., Koczoń P., Koenig W., Kohn M., Kolb B. W., Kolosova A., Komkov B., Korolev M., Korolko I., Kotte R., Kovalchuk A., Kowalski S., Koziel M., Kozlov G., Kozlov V., Kramarenko V., Kravtsov P., Krebs E., Kreidl C., Kres I., Kresan D., Kretschmar G., Krieger M., Kryanev A. V., Kryshen E., Kuc M., Kucewicz W., Kucher V., Kudin L., Kugler A., Kumar Ajit, Kumar Ashwini, Kumar L., Kunkel J., Kurepin A., Kurepin N., Kurilkin A., Kurilkin P., Kushpil V., Kuznetsov S., Kyva V., Ladygin V., Lara C., Larionov P., García A. Laso, Lavrik E., Lazanu I., Lebedev A., Lebedev S., Lebedeva E., Lehnert J., Lehrbach J., Leifels Y., Lemke F., Li Cheng, Li Qiyan, Li Xin, Li Yuanjing, Lindenstruth V., Linnik B., Liu Feng, Lobanov I., Lobanova E., Löchner S., Loizeau P. -A., Lone S. A., Martínez J. A. Lucio, Luo Xiaofeng, Lymanets A., Lyu Pengfei, Maevskaya A., Mahajan S., Mahapatra D. P., Mahmoud T., Maj P., Majka Z., Malakhov A., Malankin E., Malkevich D., Malyatina O., Malygina H., Mandal M. M., Mandal S., Manko V., Manz S., Garcia A. M. Marin, Markert J., Masciocchi S., Matulewicz T., Meder L., Merkin M., Mialkovski V., Michel J., Miftakhov N., Mik L., Mikhailov K., Mikhaylov V., Milanović B., Militsija V., Miskowiec D., Momot I., Morhardt T., Morozov S., Müller W. F. J., Müntz C., Mukherjee S., Castillo C. E. Muńoz, Murin Yu., Najman R., Nandi C., Nandy E., Naumann L., Nayak T., Nedosekin A., Negi V. S., Niebur W., Nikulin V., Normanov D., Oancea A., Oh Kunsu, Onishchuk Yu., Ososkov G., Otfinowski P., Ovcharenko E., Pal S., Panasenko I., Panda N. R., Parzhitskiy S., Patel V., Pauly C., Penschuck M., Peshekhonov D., Peshekhonov V., Petráček V., Petri M., Petriş M., Petrovici A., Petrovici M., Petrovskiy A., Petukhov O., Pfeifer D., Piasecki K., Pieper J., Pietraszko J., Płaneta R., Plotnikov V., Plujko V., Pluta J., Pop A., Pospisil V., Poźniak K., Prakash A., Prasad S. K., Prokudin M., Pshenichnov I., Pugach M., Pugatch V., Querchfeld S., Rabtsun S., Radulescu L., Raha S., Rami F., Raniwala R., Raniwala S., Raportirenko A., Rautenberg J., Rauza J., Ray R., Razin S., Reichelt P., Reinecke S., Reinefeld A., Reshetin A., Ristea C., Ristea O., Rodriguez A. Rodriguez, Roether F., Romaniuk R., Rost A., Rostchin E., Rostovtseva I., Roy Amitava, Roy Ankhi, Rożynek J., Ryabov Yu., Sadovsky A., Sahoo R., Sahu P. K., Sahu S. K., Saini J., Samanta S., Sambyal S. S., Samsonov V., Rosado J. Sánchez, Sander O., Sarangi S., Satława T., Sau S., Saveliev V., Schatral S., Schiaua C., Schintke F., Schmidt C. J., Schmidt H. R., Schmidt K., Scholten J., Schweda K., Seck F., Seddiki S., Selyuzhenkov I., Semennikov A., Senger A., Senger P., Shabanov A., Shabunov A., Shao Ming, Sheremetiev A. D., Shi Shusu, Shumeiko N., Shumikhin V., Sibiryak I., Sikora B., Simakov A., Simon C., Simons C., Singaraju R. N., Singh A. K., Singh B. K., Singh C. P., Singhal V., Singla M., Sitzmann P., Siwek-Wilczyńska K., Škoda L., Skwira-Chalot I., Som I., Song Guofeng, Song Jihye, Sosin Z., Soyk D., Staszel P., Strikhanov M., Strohauer S., Stroth J., Sturm C., Sultanov R., Sun Yongjie, Svirida D., Svoboda O., Szabó A., Szczygieł R., Talukdar R., Tang Zebo, Tanha M., Tarasiuk J., Tarassenkova O., Târzilă M. -G., Teklishyn M., Tischler T., Tlustý P., Tölyhi T., Toia A., Topil'skaya N., Träger M., Tripathy S., Tsakov I., Tsyupa Yu., Turowiecki A., Tuturas N. G., Uhlig F., Usenko E., Valin I., Varga D., Vassiliev I., Vasylyev O., Verbitskaya E., Verhoeven W., Veshikov A., Visinka R., Viyogi Y. P., Volkov S., Volochniuk A., Vorobiev A., Voronin Aleksey, Voronin Alexander, Vovchenko V., Vznuzdaev M., Wang Dong, Wang Xi-Wei, Wang Yaping, Wang Yi, Weber M., Wendisch C., Wessels J. P., Wiebusch M., Wiechula J., Wielanek D., Wieloch A., Wilms A., Winckler N., Winter M., Wiśniewski K., Wolf Gy., Won Sanguk, Wu Ke-Jun, Wüstenfeld J., Xiang Changzhou, Xu Nu, Yang Junfeng, Yang Rongxing, Yin Zhongbao, Yoo In-Kwon, Yuldashev B., Yushmanov I., Zabołotny W., Zaitsev Yu., Zamiatin N. I., Zanevsky Yu., Zhalov M., Zhang Yifei, Zhang Yu, Zhao Lei, Zheng Jiajun, Zheng Sheng, Zhou Daicui, Zhou Jing, Zhu Xianglei, Zinchenko A., Zipper W., Żoładź M., Zrelov P., Zryuev V., Zumbruch P., Zyzak M. ·
Substantial experimental and theoretical efforts worldwide are devoted to explore the phase diagram of strongly interacting matter. At LHC and top RHIC energies, QCD matter is studied at very high temperatures and nearly vanishing net-baryon densities. There is evidence that a Quark-Gluon-Plasma (QGP) was created at experiments at RHIC and LHC. The transition from the QGP back to the hadron gas is found to be a smooth cross over. For larger net-baryon densities and lower temperatures, it is expected that the QCD phase diagram exhibits a rich structure, such as a first-order phase transition between hadronic and partonic matter which terminates in a critical point, or exotic phases like quarkyonic matter. The discovery of these landmarks would be a breakthrough in our understanding of the strong interaction and is therefore in the focus of various high-energy heavy-ion research programs. The Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment at FAIR will play a unique role in the exploration of the QCD phase diagram in the region of high net-baryon densities, because it is designed to run at unprecedented interaction rates. High-rate operation is the key prerequisite for high-precision measurements of multi-differential observables and of rare diagnostic probes which are sensitive to the dense phase of the nuclear fireball. The goal of the CBM experiment at SIS100 (sqrt(s_NN) = 2.7 - 4.9 GeV) is to discover fundamental properties of QCD matter: the phase structure at large baryon-chemical potentials (mu_B > 500 MeV), effects of chiral symmetry, and the equation-of-state at high density as it is expected to occur in the core of neutron stars. In this article, we review the motivation for and the physics programme of CBM, including activities before the start of data taking in 2022, in the context of the worldwide efforts to explore high-density QCD matter.
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