Normal density and moment of inertia of a moving superfluid
23 Mar 2020
•
Zhang Yi-Cai
•
Song Shu-Wei
•
Chen Gang
In this work, the normal density $\rho_n$ and moment of inertia of a moving
superfluid are investigated. We find that, even at zero temperature, there
exists a finite normal density for the moving superfluid...When the velocity of
superfluid reaches sound velocity, the normal density becomes total mass
density $\rho$, which indicates that the system losses superfluidity. At the
same time, the Landau's critical velocity also becomes zero. The existence of
the non-zero normal density is attributed to the coupling between the motion of
superflow and density fluctuation in transverse directions. With Josephson
relation, the superfluid density $\rho_s$ is also calculated and the identity
$\rho_s+\rho_n=\rho$ holds. Further more, we find that the finite normal
density also results in a quantized moment of inertia in a moving superfluid
trapped by a ring. The normal density and moment of inertia at zero temperature
could be verified experimentally by measuring the angular momentum of a moving
superfluid in a ring trap.(read more)